www.jcs602.net. The JCS602-1000 Laser Range Finder is by far aa clear winner on every count. Its The unbeatable value makes it one of the best golf rangefinders around.

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Looking to an inexpensive way on determining your yardage. We Gadget Plus has you covered with the Digital Golf Range Scope. Its small, portable, and has a long battery life. Link: www.gadgetplus.ca

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by arturbo

Choose from the Best Bows in the Market

Archery is a sport of challenge and patience. From hunting to Olympics, the use of archery supply has seen a rise in popularity. The use of bows and arrows as the main equipment has also found fame. But the right equipment can improve an archer’s ability to a great extent. The development of technology has led to the creation of quality equipment like range finders and recurve bows which have made them a popular choice for hunters and enthusiastic archers alike. It helps improve their standards while ensuring safety. The sport of kings has now found a new recognition in the modern world.

With the changing times, the style and form of hunting as a sport has also changed. There are limitations and restrictions to the time period during which enthusiasts can involve themselves in this pursuit. But among all the archery supply available for the sport, the bows offer people the most humane and efficient way of indulging their game. With science and technology, users have access to advanced and improved forms of equipment for their hunting tasks. There are also accessories like the laser range finders which make it easier to track prey and find their way in the wild. These have become definite additions to many archery enthusiasts collection.

The bow, itself has changed in form, structure and design through the ages. From the simple curve design in the ancient ages to the modern recurve designs of the Mongols, these archery supply equipments have changed according to the requirements of the user. The recurve bows have become the more preferred equipment in the modern times. These bows are made of composite material and are far stronger, offering better tensile strength and range. These bows can be used for various sporting purposes varying from hunting to archery games. These bows deliver arrows at far higher speeds making them preferred equipment at archery competitions across the world.

The rising popularity of this equipment has led to many stores offering archery supplies like the recurve bows and laser range finders. The quality of this equipment and their material are essential aspects which play a role in their efficiency. The safety of the user is another important factor. It is important for users to keep this equipment away from the reach of children and also take sufficient precautions before opting for this sport.

The growing demand for this equipment has found an answer in the many archery supply stores present in the market. These stores offer a wide range of equipments like recurve bows, composite arrows, range finders and booklets for people interested in the sport of archery. There are many websites online offering advice and guidance to buyers which helps them to select the right equipment for the task. Customers can choose according to their budget limitations and buy the right bows without any difficulty online. However, it is a safer option to choose a reliable and trusted store with a credible name in the market. This can help people improve their own skills and enjoy the sport better.

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Several Uses Of Range Finders

Adventure sports are catching attention of many people in recent times. These sports are an outdoor activity that can be enjoyed as well as give valuable learning experience to the people. But while you are on such expeditions, it is very important that you must pay required attention towards your safety and protection. For the same concern, there are many equipment and tools available. One of these tools is range finders. These are special devices that help you in measuring distance from the instrument to a specific target or point. In fact, these tools can measure numerous meters accurately.

While you have gone for an adventurous tour outdoor, a GPS range finder will help you in finding your directions and tell you where you are currently located as well as where you have to move further. These tools are extremely useful in other sports also like hunting and golf. A golf range finder provides clearer view to the golfer which helps him/her in making the right shot. Besides, these tools are used for surveying in forests as well.

The usage of these tools is not limited only to adventures activities rather these are greatly used for military operations. The military or other law enforcement gunmen use it to estimate the distance of the target to set up the accurate shot and note down the troop movements. These tools are mainly mounted over military vehicles and aircrafts. Usually, during such operations laser range finder is used. These devices use a laser beam to determine the distance to the target.

Additionally, range finder is important equipment for a photographer too. While shooting, it lets the photographer calculate accurate subject distance and helps in taking a picture in sharp focus. The cameras earlier were not equipped with this tool. But today, almost all modern cameras come with inbuilt range finders.

As a matter of fact, the entertainment industry also uses these products to scan objects and create 3d effects. The exact distance measurement taken by these tools are converted into comprehensive representations in virtual reality. These tools are even used by scientists to measure an object in the space like the moon.

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Created on December 8, 2010 using FlipShare.

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www.twitter.com www.twitter.com www.officiallytim.tumblr.com Your #1 Golf App Reviewer is back! Big thanks to Golfshot GPS for providing this app to me for review, I appreciate it greatly! This is a hands on look at Golfscape for iPhone 4. This is the FIRST augmented reality range finder you will find in the app store. Not only is it a solid golf gps, but it’s affordable. .99 in the App store, worth every penny in my opinion itunes.apple.com Check it out! Like, Comment, and Sub Any questions then drop a comment!

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Why You Must Have A Skycaddie

Up, up, and away goes the golf ball… further, further away from you… The problem with playing golf is that the field is so wide; you sometimes tend to lose your way. Because the intensity of your swing is sometimes inestimable , a Skycaddie Handheld GPS golf range finder is usually of great use.

A Skycaddie Handheld GPS golf range finder is getting more and more demanded over the period of time. Skycaddie, is a company with the most loved and popular models. For example, the SkyCaddie’s latest model called the SkyCaddie SGX which replaced the SG5, included in the Golf Digest’s 2009 hot list, is the most popular of all. Since The United States Golf Association has approved the use of gps rangefinders in golf, then it became more requested in stores and golf clubs.

If you don’t know what a Skycaddie Handheld GPS golf range finder is, then it just basically holds all the information about the golf course you’re playing on. This range finder works the same way as GPS units used for navigating in a car so it is very easy to use. Many have already used this over the years so if you have trouble in playing golf, here is one useful equipment you could use while playing.

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The SkyCaddie helps “mappers” during their walk in every golf course. Using this survey grade equipment, they could record critical distances to hazards, layups and green targets. This way you will know where to position yourself or where to swing even if you don’t see what is at far from you.

If you haven’t tried one yet, be sure to grab one. There is no doubt that it can make your golf round more enjoyable and worth the time to spend in a golf course. This could also improve your game. Wanna know why? Well, it is quite simple. Here’s a few ways a Skycaddie can help:

First, you will be able to calculate the exact yardage available without having to do any walking off. You can’t rely on the markers which are sometimes unreliable because some not-worth-your-attention players goof around by misleading through your course by changing the position og this marker. Some markers are not permanent.

Next, you will be able to have the correct yardage to greens, to hazards and to the front and back of bunkers. The Skycaddie gives you a map where these are located.

Next, this will improve your selection of the right golf club you will use because you will know the average yardage you hit with each club. This will make you use your mathematical instincts so as it will give you confidence and help you to avoid getting penalties.

Finally and the most important, the Skycaddie will save you time because you’ll never have to walk off yardages again.

SICK Laser Range Finder – Intelligent Vehicles Class

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CONDOR GOLF LASER RANGE FINDER.

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Ingenieria Uno has released his new low cost laser range finder. Datasheet avaible at www.ingenieriauno.com. Patent pending. Ideal for use in mobile robots and 3d mapping.

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CONDOR GOLF LASER RANGE FINDER.

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by cliff1066™

AH-64 Apache – The Army’s Prime Attack Helicopter

The Apache Helicopter is specifically designed to withstand adverse kinds of weather at anytime of the day.
All its sides are highly armored and according to Boeing, each part of the Apache can resist 12.7-mm rounds, and vital engine and rotor components can survive hits from 23-mm fire.
AH-64 Apache is twin-engine and four-bladed aircraft which characterized its remarkable agility and evasion tactics.
Specifically designed with highly stable aerial weapons-delivery platform that is great for multi-mission attacks.
It can load up to 16 HELLFIRE (Helicopter-Launched, Laser-guided, Fire and Forget) laser guided missiles and can also carry a maximum of 76, 70mm/2.75″ wrap-around fin aerial rockets (WAFAR) specially great for destroying enemies’ light armor vehicles and other soft skinned targets.
Apache has four articulating weapons pylons, two on either side of the aircraft, on which weapons or external fuel tanks can be mounted.
It is definitely accurate in hitting targets particularly the latest version AH-64D Apache Longbow which is said to be 400 times accurate than the AH-64A Apache. It uses a Laser Range Finder/Designator (LRF/D) for assigning the HELLFIRE missile system and also for providing range to target information needed in the fire control computer’s calculations of ballistic solutions.
Apache is equipped with onboard video recorder that can record up to 72 minutes of either the pilot or CPG selected video. Not only that, its navigation equipment has a doppler navigation system, and like most aircraft it is set with a GPS receiver.

With its many capabilities and unique combat features, undeniably, the AH-64 Apache is the army’s primary attack helicopter.

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by ckhamken

Using A Tactical Rifle Scope

A tactical rifle scope is a high-precision model that allows the user to hit a target at great distances. Such a scope, if it is properly adjusted, it will allow the hunter to hit a target at a range of 1000 yards or even more than that. A scope that is adjusted in the right way will make the recreational use of the rifle more enjoyable and increase the overall accuracy of the rifle. With this article we will try to offer a few ideas regarding how to use a tactical rifle scope.

First of all, you need to adjust it for the distance at which you will be shooting the rifle. The scope of the rifle is recommended to be adjusted when there is little wind because this can affect the trajectory of the bullets and as a consequence, the sighting of the scope. Next, go to a rifle range in order to sight in your scope. You will notice that there are three adjustments on the scope; usually these are knobs which can be easily turned. The knobs usually make a clicking sound for each increment of the adjustment. You will need to sight in your scope by using the windage adjustment, the elevation adjustment and the focus adjustment knobs right until your shots are hitting the target dead center.

You will now need to take the rifle to the hunting area or your target range. In the case in which the distance to the target is different in comparison to the distance at which you previously sighted the scope, you need to use a laser range finder in order to determine the distance to your chosen target.  The tactical rifle scope has crosshair reticules, and each reticule will represent a distance from the center of the crosshairs. You need to align your target with one of the reticules on the vertical axis, based on the result of the range finder.

The next step is to turn the focus adjustment knob as necessary to keep your target in focus with your reticule lines. The last obvious step would be to fire the rifle and based upon the results of the shot you took, you must make all the necessary adjustments to the elevation knob on your personal tactical rifle scope. We recommend that you get a binocular in order to see where your shot hit.

A relevant piece of advice would be to use ammunition from the same manufacturer and of the same type as when you sight in your tactical scope as when you use your rifle for hunting purposes. Never forget to act as thought a rifle is loaded even if you are entirely certain that it is not. Also, never point a rifle at any given moment to a person in order to avoid deadly accidents.

With the addition of a rifle scope, the overall accuracy of the rifle will increase significantly if the scope is calibrated properly. This will not only add accuracy, but will also make the hunting day more pleasant and rewarding to the hunter.

by US Army Korea – IMCOM

Autonomous robot

Examples of progress towards commercial autonomous robots

Self-maintenance

Exteroceptive sensors: 1) blue laser rangefinder senses up to 360 distance readings in a 180-degree slice; 2) 24 round golden ultrasonic sensors sample range readings in a 15-degree cone; 3) ten touch panels along the bottom detect shoes and other low-lying objects. 4) break beams between the lower and upper segments sense tables and other mid-level obstacles.

The first requirement for complete physical autonomy is the ability for a robot to recognize its master and to take care of itself. Many of the battery powered robots on the market today can find and connect to a charging station, and some toys like Sony’s Aibo are capable of self-docking to charge their batteries.

Self maintenance is based on “proprioception”, or sensing one’s own internal status. In the battery charging example, the robot can tell proprioceptively that its batteries are low and it then seeks the charger. Another common proprioceptive sensor is for heat monitoring. Increased proprioception will be required for robots to work autonomously near people and in harsh environments.

Robot GUI display showing battery voltage and other proprioceptive data in lower right-hand corner. The display is for user information only. Autonomous robots monitor and respond to proprioceptive sensors without human intervention to keep themselves safe and operating properly.

Common proprioceptive sensors are

Thermal

Hall Effect

Optical

Contact

Sensing the environment

Exteroception is sensing things about the environment. Autonomous robots must have a range of environmental sensors to perform their task and stay out of trouble.

Common exteroceptive sensors are

Electromagnetic spectrum

Sound

Touch

Chemical sensors (smell, odor)

Temperature

Range to things in the environment

Attitude (Inclination)

Some robotic lawn mowers will adapt their programming by detecting the speed in which grass grows as needed to maintain a perfect cut lawn, and some vacuum cleaning robots have dirt detectors that sense how much dirt is being picked up and use this information to tell them to stay in one area longer.

Task performance

The next step in autonomous behavior is to actually perform a physical task. A new area showing commercial promise is domestic robots, with a flood of small vacuuming robots beginning with iRobot and Electrolux in 2002. While the level of intelligence is not high in these systems, they navigate over wide areas and pilot in tight situations around homes using contact and non-contact sensors. Both of these robots use proprietary algorithms to increase coverage over simple random bounce.

The next level of autonomous task performance requires a robot to perform conditional tasks. For instance, security robots can be programmed to detect intruders and respond in a particular way depending upon where the intruder is.

Indoor position sensing and navigation

Robot interface GUI showing a robot building map with forbidden areas highlighted in yellow on the right side of the screen. Defined task sequences and goals are in the second column. Robots listed on the left side of the GUI can be selected by mouseclick. The selected robot will then travel to any location clicked in the map, unless it is in a forbidden area. (Courtesy of MobileRobots Inc)

For a robot to associate behaviors with a place (localization) requires it to know where it is and to be able to navigate point-to-point. Such navigation began with wire-guidance in the 1970s and progressed in the early 2000s to beacon-based triangulation. Current commercial robots autonomously navigate based on sensing natural features. The first commercial robots to achieve this were Pyxus’ HelpMate hospital robot and the CyberMotion guard robot, both designed by robotics pioneers in the 1980s. These robots originally used manually created CAD floor plans, sonar sensing and wall-following variations to navigate buildings. The next generation, such as MobileRobots’ PatrolBot and autonomous wheelchair both introduced in 2004, have the ability to create their own laser-based maps of a building and to navigate open areas as well as corridors. Their control system changes its path on-the-fly if something blocks the way.

At first, autonomous navigation was based on planar sensors, such as laser range-finders, that can only sense at one level. The most advanced systems now fuse information from various sensors for both localization (position) and navigation. Systems such as Motivity can rely on different in sensors in different areas, depending upon which provides the most reliable data at the time, and can re-map a building autonomously.

Rather than climb stairs, which requires highly specialized hardware, most indoor robots navigate handicapped-accessible areas, controlling elevators and electronic doors. With such electronic access-control interfaces, robots can now freely navigate indoors. Autonomously climbing stairs and opening doors manually are topics of research at the current time.

As these indoor techniques continue to develop, vacuuming robots will gain the ability to clean a specific user specified room or a whole floor. Security robots will be able to cooperatively surround intruders and cut off exits. These advances also bring concommitant protections: robots’ internal maps typically permit “forbidden areas” to be defined to prevent robots from autonomously entering certain regions.

Outdoor autonomous position-sensing and navigation

Outdoor autonomy is most easily achieved in the air, since obstacles are rare. Cruise missiles are rather dangerous highly autonomous robots. Pilotless drone aircraft are increasingly used for reconnaissance. Some of these unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are capable of flying their entire mission without any human interaction at all except possibly for the landing where a person intervenes using radio remote control. But some drone aircraft are capable of a safe, automatic landing also.

Outdoor autonomy is the most difficult for ground vehicles, due to: a) 3-dimensional terrain; b) great disparities in surface density; c) weather exigencies and d) instability of the sensed environment.

The Seekur and MDARS robots demonstrate their autonomous navigation and security capabilities at an airbase. (Courtesy of MobileRobots Inc)

In the US, the MDARS project, which defined and built a prototype outdoor surveillance robot in the 1990s, is now moving into production and will be implemented in 2006. The General Dynamics MDARS robot can navigate semi-autonomously and detect intruders, using the MRHA software architecture planned for all unmanned military vehicles. The Seekur robot was the first commercially available robot to demonstrate MDARS-like capabilities for general use by airports, utility plants, corrections facilities and Homeland Security.

The Mars rovers MER-A and MER-B (now known as Spirit rover and Opportunity rover) can find the position of the sun and navigate their own routes to destinations on the fly by:

mapping the surface with 3-D vision

computing safe and unsafe areas on the surface within that field of vision

computing optimal paths across the safe area towards the desired destination

driving along the calculated route;

repeating this cycle until either the destination is reached, or there is no known path to the destination

The DARPA Grand Challenge and DARPA Urban Challenge have encouraged development of even more autonomous capabilities for ground vehicles, while this has been the demonstrated goal for aerial robots since 1990 as part of the AUVSI International Aerial Robotics Competition.

Open problems in autonomous robotics

This section requires expansion.

There are several open problems in autonomous robotics which are special to the field rather than being a part of the general pursuit of AI.

Energy autonomy & foraging

Researchers concerned with creating true artificial life are concerned not only with intelligent control, but further with the capacity of the robot to find its own resources through foraging (looking for food, which includes both energy and spare parts).

This is related to autonomous foraging, a concern within the sciences of behavioral ecology, social anthropology, and human behavioral ecology; as well as robotics, artificial intelligence, and artificial life.

See also

Robotics portal

AIBO

Artificial intelligence

Cognitive robotics

domestic robot

Driverless car

Epigenetic robotics

Evolutionary robotics

Friendly Robotics

Humanoid robot

Intelligent system

Lawnbott

Microbot

PatrolBot

Penguin Robot

Simultaneous localization and mapping

von Neumann machine

Wake-up robot problem

William Grey Walter

References

^ Principal Investigator: W. Kennedy, National Institutes of Health, NIH SBIR 2 R44 HD041781-02

^ Speci-Minder; see elevator and door access

^ FOXNews.com – Weapons Makers Unveil New Era of Counter-Terror Equipment – Local News | News Articles | National News | US News

External links

The Automata and Art Bots mailing list home page

Automonous Robots Journal

DARPA Grand Challenge

Automonous Robotic Lawnmowers – Lawnbott Robotic Mowers

Automonous Robotic Lawnmowers – Robomow automatic lawn mowers

Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI)

Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC)

Guarding the fence – 2 Autonomous combat vehicles developed in Israel – An article

qfix robot kits Robot kits for hobby and education

Creators of robots for people Autonomous mobile robots.

Aqua robot Underwater or amphibious walking and swimming robot.

RoboCupJunior

DIY Learning robot Build your own autonomous learning programmable robot.

Adaptive Robotics A look at Department of Energy applications using Autonomous Robots

Mindmakers.org An online organization for collaboration on broad, intelligent systems.

DevBot Software development platform for autonomous mobile robots

Robot Info (directory of robotics news, books, videos, magazines, forums and products).

Autonomous Perceptive Systems Autonomous Systems research page at University of Groningen

Categories: Robots | Unmanned vehicles | AutonomyHidden categories: Articles to be expanded from July 2008 | All articles to be expanded | Wikipedia external links cleanup | Wikipedia spam cleanup

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